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- ┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
- │ Gamma Information │
- └─────────────────────────────────────┘
-
- All ImageCELs have to some degree been gamma corrected to midrange
- levels. As the following will explain, this is a very complex issue.
-
- IN SUMMARY: If the image comes up on your monitor darker or lighter
- than suitable, you will need to perform a gamma correction to the
- actual file using suitable histogram capable software. For use that
- will eventually be directed to NTSC TV levels, the images may appear
- dark, requiring that they be lightened.
-
- The following information was taken from Dr. Alvy Ray Smith of
- ALTAMIRA CORPORATION, makers of COMPOSER. As a graphics pioneer,
- Dr. Smith is perhaps the most knowledgeable authority on the
- subject, so we have included the following to hopefully educate you
- on this subject.
-
-
- GAMMA
-
- If images come in from files too light or too dark, there is most
- likely a problem with gamma. Be sure to adjust brightness and
- contrast before adjusting gamma.
-
- Gamma is perhaps the most misunderstood concept in computer graphics
- applications. Part of the reason is that the term is used to mean
- several different things.
-
- All computer display monitors (and all TV sets) are nonlinear. This
- means that if the voltage on their electronics is doubled, their
- brightness does NOT double as you might expect it to. In fact, it
- varies as the square of the voltage. If it varied by the square
- exactly, we would say it had a gamma of 2. But all monitors are
- slightly different, so the actual gamma of your monitor might be
- anywhere from 1.4 to 2.6, instead of 2. Very typical gamma numbers
- are 1.8 for the PC and Mac worlds and 2.2 for the broadcast TV world
- (and for PCs using TV graphics boards, such as Targa+), but these
- should not be taken as gospel. They vary from display to display,
- even on displays from the same manufacturer. Any gamma other than 1
- is "nonlinear".
-
- The other important point is that all computer graphics computations
- ASSUME linear images. This means simply that half red plus half red
- gives full red. This is fundamental to the industry.
-
- There are two ways to take care of this mismatch between the
- nonlinear display and the linear computation: (1) take care of the
- nonlinearity in the display, or (2) take care of it in the data.
- Only (1) preserves your data for later use.
-
- Unfortunately, many applications force you to take care of your
- display nonlinearity by making your image data nonlinear. They do
- this by assuming the default monitor gamma is 1, or linear. This
- works, so long as you never use the resulting image for another
- image computation, and so long as the next display you show the
- image on (including ink on paper) has the same nonlinearity as your
- original display. This has "worked" often enough in the past for
- the mistake to have been tolerated.
-
- But the whole idea of imaging applications from now on is to take
- images from many sources and composite them together to form new
- images (which may then be used by someone else as a component in yet
- another image, and so on). The application corrects for the
- nonlinearity of your display during the display process, not the
- computation process.
-
- If you import images from applications that have forced the display
- nonlinearity into the data, you will - not surprisingly - get
- unexpected results.